women age population female children men male fertility sex males reproductive birth years data gender demographic infant mortality females

0.60 Suzanne E. Joseph, The Biocultural Context of Very High Fertility among the Bekaa Bedouin, American Anthropologist, 2004.
0.59 Barry S. Hewlett, Multiple Caretaking Among African Pygmies, American Anthropologist, 1989.
0.58 Melvyn C. Goldstein Paljor Tsarong Cynthia M. Beall, High Altitude Hypoxia Culture and Human Fecundity/Fertility: A Comparative Study, American Anthropologist, 1983.
0.55 Helen H. Norton, The Male Supremacist Complex: Discovery or Invention?, American Anthropologist, 1978.
0.53 David A. Cleveland, Developmental Stage Age Groups and African Population Structure: The Kusasi of the West African Savanna, American Anthropologist, 1989.
0.53 Lee Cronk, Wealth Status and Reproductive Success among the Mukogodo of Kenya, American Anthropologist, 1991.
0.52 John W. M. Whiting, The Effect of Polygyny on Sex Ratio at Birth, American Anthropologist, 1993.
0.52 Lee Cronk, Low Socioeconomic Status and Female-Biased Parental Investment: The Mukogodo Example, American Anthropologist, 1989.
0.52 Bobbi S. Low, Occupational Status Landownership and Reproductive Behavior in 19th-Century Sweden: Tuna Parish, American Anthropologist, 1990.
0.51 Don E. Dumond, Fertility Mortality and the Mean Age at Death: A Model of a Population under Stress, American Anthropologist, 1990.
0.51 William Divale Marvin Harris, The Male Supremacist Complex: Discovery of a Cultural Invention, American Anthropologist, 1978.
0.51 Andrew Abelson, Comment on Goldstein Tsarong and Beall, American Anthropologist, 1984.
0.50 E. Z. Tronick Gilda A. Morelli Steve Winn, The Caretaker-Child Strategic Model: Efe and Aka Child Rearing as Exemplars of the Multiple Factors Affecting Child Rearing - A Reply to Hewlett, American Anthropologist, 1989.
0.49 Grace Q. Vioary, Otterbein Goode and the Caribbean Family, American Anthropologist, 1967.
0.49 William Bascom, Some Aspects of Yoruba Urbanism, American Anthropologist, 1962.
0.47 Richard W. Thompson Michael C. Robbins, More on Misconceptions about Workload and Birthrates: Reply to Spenser and Hum, American Anthropologist, 1980.
0.47 Melvyn C. Goldstein Cynthia M. Beall Paljor Tsarong, Response to Basu and Gupta, American Anthropologist, 1984.
0.46 Nancie L. Solien de González, Lactation and Pregnancy: A Hypothesis, American Anthropologist, 1964.
0.46 Monique Borgerhoff Mulder, On Cultural and Reproductive Success: Kipsigis Evidence, American Anthropologist, 1987.
0.46 Barbara B. Harrell, Lactation and Menstruation in Cultural Perspective, American Anthropologist, 1981.
0.45 W. Penn Handwerker, The First Demographic Transition: An Analysis of Subsistence Choices and Reproductive Consequences, American Anthropologist, 1983.
0.45 Melvyn C. Goldstein Cynthia M. Beall Paljor Tsarong, On Studying Fertility at High Altitude: A Rejoinder to Hoff, American Anthropologist, 1984.
0.45 Elizabeth A. Cashdan, Natural Fertility Birth Spacing and the "First Demographic Transition", American Anthropologist, 1985.
0.44 Barbara Spencer Derek Hum, Workload and Seasonal Variation in Birthrates Reconsidered, American Anthropologist, 1977.
0.44 Melvyn C. Goldstein Cynthia M. Beall, Tibetan Fraternal Polyandry and Sociology: A Rejoinder to Abernethy and Fernandez, American Anthropologist, 1982.
0.44 Karen L. Kramer Russell D. Greaves, Changing Patterns of Infant Mortality and Maternal Fertility among Pumé Foragers and Horticulturalists, American Anthropologist, 2007.
0.44 Ruth C. Busch James Gundlach, Excess Access and Incest: A New Look at the Demographic Explanation of the Incest Taboo, American Anthropologist, 1977.
0.43 Vernon R. Dorjahn, Reply to Gibson, American Anthropologist, 1959.
0.43 Rebecca Storey, An Estimate of Mortality in a Pre-Columbian Urban Population, American Anthropologist, 1985.
0.43 Eric Abella Roth, A Reexamination of Rendille Population Regulation, American Anthropologist, 1993.
0.43 Eric A. Roth, A Note on the Demographic Concomitants of Sedentism, American Anthropologist, 1985.
0.42 Wade C. Mac Key, A Preliminary Test for the Validation of the Adult Male-Child Bond as a Species-Characteristic Trait, American Anthropologist, 1983.
0.41 Sidney M. Greenfield, The Bruce Effect and Malinowski's Hypothesis on Mating and Fertility, American Anthropologist, 1968.
0.41 Monica Das Gupta, Life Course Perspectives on Women's Autonomy and Health Outcomes, American Anthropologist, 1995.
0.41 Ann Fischer Christine Derbes, Further Comments on Otterbein, American Anthropologist, 1966.
0.41 Helen L. Ball Elaine Hooker Peter J. Kelly, Where Will the Baby Sleep? Attitudes and Practices of New and Experienced Parents Regarding Cosleeping with Their Newborn Infants, American Anthropologist, 1999.
0.41 James L. Boone III, Parental Investment and Elite Family Structure in Preindustrial States: A Case Study of Late Medieval-Early Modern Portuguese Genealogies, American Anthropologist, 1986.
0.41 Ronald Goldman, Cultural Influences on the Sex Ratio in the Incidence of Stuttering, American Anthropologist, 1967.
0.41 Elliot Fratkin, Household Variation and Gender Inequality in Ariaal Pastoral Production: Results of a Stratified Time-Allocation Survey, American Anthropologist, 1989.
0.40 L. A. Sawchuk D. A. Herring L. R. Waks, Evidence of a Jewish Advantage: A Study of Infant Mortality in Gibraltar 1870-1959. American Anthropologist, 1985,
0.40 W. Penn Handwerker, Scope of Perspective in Fertility Models, American Anthropologist, 1985.
0.40 Robert J. Quinlan, Gender and Risk in a Matrifocal Caribbean Community: A View from Behavioral Ecology, American Anthropologist, 2006.
0.40 Carolyn L. Olsen, The Demography of Colony Fission from 1878-1970 among the Hutterites of North America, American Anthropologist, 1987.
0.39 Peter J. Wilson John Buettner-Janusch, Demography and Evolution on Providencia Island Colombia, American Anthropologist, 1961.
0.39 Moni Nag J. Michael Bedford, Promiscuity and Fertility: Comments on Greenfield's "The Bruce Effect and Malinowski's Hypothesis on Mating and Fertility", American Anthropologist, 1969.
0.39 Keith F. Otterbein, Otterbein's Reply to Goode, American Anthropologist, 1966.
0.39 L. W. G. Malcolm, Sex-Ratio in African Peoples, American Anthropologist, 1924.
0.38 William Tulio Divale Marvin Harris, Population Warfare and the Male Supremacist Complex, American Anthropologist, 1976.
0.38 Phillip L. Walker Barry S. Hewlett, Dental Health Diet and Social Status among Central African Foragers and Farmers, American Anthropologist, 1990.
0.38 Russell Thornton Tim Miller Jonathan Warren, American Indian Population Recovery Following Smallpox Epidemics, American Anthropologist, 1991.
0.37 Barbara D. Miller, Female-Selective Abortion in Asia: Patterns Policies and Debates, American Anthropologist, 2001.
0.37 Edward Z. Tronick Gilda A. Morelli Steve Winn, Multiple Caretaking of Efe (Pygmy) Infants, American Anthropologist, 1987.
0.37 Gordon D. Gibson, On a Common Statistical Fallacy, American Anthropologist, 1959.
0.37 W. Penn Handwerker, The Modern Demographic Transition: An Analysis of Subsistence Choices and Reproductive Consequences, American Anthropologist, 1986.
0.36 William Divale Marvin Harris, Reply to Lancaster and Lancaster, American Anthropologist, 1978.
0.36 Vernon R. Dorjahn, Fertility Polygyny and Their Interrelations in Temne Society, American Anthropologist, 1958.
0.36 Amitabha Basu Ranjan Gupta, Comments on "High Altitude Hypoxia Culture and Human Fecundity/Fertility", American Anthropologist, 1984.
0.36 Ethel Nurge, Birth Rate and Work Load, American Anthropologist, 1970.
0.36 Cynthia M. Beall Melvyn C. Goldstein, Tibetan Fraternal Polyandry: A Test of Sociobiological Theory, American Anthropologist, 1981.
0.36 Monique Borgerhoff Mulder, Polygyny and the Extent of Women's Contributions to Subsistence: A Reply to White, American Anthropologist, 1989.
0.36 Melvyn C. Goldstein Cynthia M. Beall Paljor Tsarong, Response to Abelson's Comment on Goldstein Tsarong and Beall, American Anthropologist, 1984.
0.35 George A. Hillery_ Jr., Navajos and Eastern Kentuckians: A Comparative Study in the Cultural Consequences of the Demographic Transition, American Anthropologist, 1966.
0.35 Charles Hoff, Is There Significant Hypoxic Depression of Fertility among Andean Natives? A Reply to Goldstein Tsarong and Beall, American Anthropologist, 1984.
0.35 Douglas R. White, Questioning the Correlational Evidence for Kipsigis Wealth as a Cause of Reproductive Success Rather Than Polygyny as a Cause of Both Extra Children and Extra Wealth, American Anthropologist, 1989.
0.35 Janet E. Kilbride Michael C. Robbins Philip L. Kilbride, The Comparative Motor Development of Baganda American White and American Black Infants, American Anthropologist, 1970.
0.35 Laura L. Betzig, Adoption by Rank on Ifaluk, American Anthropologist, 1988.
0.34 Sarah F. Harbison, Comments on Nardi's "Modes of Explanation in Anthropological Population Theory", American Anthropologist, 1982.
0.34 Alan H. Goodman George J. Armelagos, Childhood Stress and Decreased Longevity in a Prehistoric Population, American Anthropologist, 1988.
0.34 Peter T. Ellison, Human Ovarian Function and Reproductive Ecology: New Hypotheses, American Anthropologist, 1990.
0.34 Bonnie Anna Nardi, Modes of Explanation in Anthropological Population Theory: Biological Determinism vs Self-Regulation in Studies of Population Growth in Third World Countries, American Anthropologist, 1981.
0.33 Geoff Childs, Demographic Dimensions of an Intervillage Land Dispute in Nubri Nepal, American Anthropologist, 2001.
0.33 John H. Moore, Evaluating Five Models of Human Colonization, American Anthropologist, 2001.
0.33 Sarah F. Harbison T. M. Kibriaul Khaleque Warren C. Robinson, Female Autonomy and Fertility among the Garo of North Central Bangladesh, American Anthropologist, 1989.
0.33 Wilson D. Wallis, Social or Cultural?, American Anthropologist, 1959.
0.33 Gordon D. Gibson, Rebuttal, American Anthropologist, 1959.
0.33 Nancy Howell Victor A. Lehotay, Ambush: A Computer Program for Stochastic Microsimulation of Small Human Populations, American Anthropologist, 1978.
0.33 Ronald M. Weigel M. Margaret Taylor, Testing Sociobiological Theory with Respect to Human Polyandry: A Reply to Beall and Goldstein, American Anthropologist, 1982.
0.32 William J. Goode, Goode's Reply to Otterbein, American Anthropologist, 1967.
0.32 Eric Abella Roth, Demise of the Sepaade Tradition: Cultural and Biological Explanations, American Anthropologist, 2001.
0.32 Andrew J. Noss Barry S. Hewlett, The Contexts of Female Hunting in Central Africa, American Anthropologist, 2001.
0.32 June Helm Mac Neish, Correction: Kin Terms of Arctic Drainage Dene: Hare Slavey Chipewyan, American Anthropologist, 1960.
0.32 Keith F. Otterbein, The Developmental Cycle of the Andros Household: A Diachronic Analysis, American Anthropologist, 1970.
0.31 Ann Fischer Peggy Golde, The Position of Women in Anthropology, American Anthropologist, 1968.
0.31 John F. Martin Donald G. Stewart, A Demographic Basis for Patrilineal Hordes, American Anthropologist, 1982.
0.31 Richard W. Thompson Michael C. Robbins, Seasonal Variation in Conception in Rural Uganda and Mexico, American Anthropologist, 1973.
0.30 Virginia Abernethy, Comments on Tibetan Fraternal Polyandry, American Anthropologist, 1981.
0.30 Renate Lellep Fernandez, Comments on Tibetan Polyandry: A Test of Sociobiological Theory, American Anthropologist, 1981.
0.30 Keith F. Otterbein, Caribbean Family Organization: A Comparative Analysis, American Anthropologist, 1965.
0.30 Nancy Shand Yorio Kosawa, Culture Transmission: Caudill's Model and Alternative Hypotheses, American Anthropologist, 1985.
0.30 Susan Brandt Graham, Running and Menstrual Dysfunction: Recent Medical Discoveries Provide New Insights into the Human Division of Labor by Sex, American Anthropologist, 1985.
0.30 Raymond Pearl Redcliffe N. Salaman, The Relative Time of Fertilization of the Ovum and the Sex Ratio amongst Jews, American Anthropologist, 1913.
0.29 Vanessa L. Fong, China's One-Child Policy and the Empowerment of Urban Daughters, American Anthropologist, 2002.
0.29 Barry S. Hewlett Phillip L. Walker, Social Status and Dental Health among the Aka and Mbuti Pygmies, American Anthropologist, 1991.
0.28 Sara B. Nerlove Robert A. Levine, Population Growth in a Kenya Community, American Anthropologist, 1972.
0.28 C. H. Browner, Situating Women's Reproductive Activities, American Anthropologist, 2000.
0.28 E. A. Hammel, The Family Cycle in a Coastal Peruvian Slum and Village, American Anthropologist, 1961.
0.27 James Howe, Ninety-Two Mythical Populations: A Reply to Divale et al, American Anthropologist, 1978.
0.27 C. Owen Lovejoy, Methods for the Detection of Census Error in Palaeodemography, American Anthropologist, 1971.
0.27 Shanshan Du, "Husband and Wife Do It Together": Sex/Gender Allocation of Labor among the Qhawqhat Lahu of Lancang Southwest China, American Anthropologist, 2000.
0.27 Bruce W. Derr, Implications of Menstruation as a Liminal State, American Anthropologist, 1982.
0.27 Michele Rivkin-Fish, Anthropology Demography and the Search for a Critical Analysis of Fertility: Insights from Russia, American Anthropologist, 2003.
0.26 Gilbert Herdt, Mistaken Gender: 5-Alpha Reductase Hermaphroditism and Biological Reductionism in Sexual Identity Reconsidered, American Anthropologist, 1990.
0.26 Bonnie A. Nardi, Reply to Harbison's Comments on Nardi's "Modes of Explanation in Anthropological Population Theory", American Anthropologist, 1983.
0.26 Susan Brandt Graham, Biology and Human Social Behavior: a Response to van den Berghe and Barash, American Anthropologist, 1979.
0.26 Jane E. Buikstra Lyle W. Konigsberg, Paleodemography: Critiques and Controversies, American Anthropologist, 1985.
0.25 Carol R. Ember, The Relative Decline in Women's Contribution to Agriculture with Intensification, American Anthropologist, 1983.
0.24 Douglas R. White Michael L. Burton, Causes of Polygyny: Ecology Economy Kinship and Warfare, American Anthropologist, 1988.
0.24 Susan B. Draper, Breast-Feeding as a Sustainable Resource System, American Anthropologist, 1996.
0.24 Judith K. Brown, Footnote to Ember, American Anthropologist, 1984.
0.24 William J. Goode, Note on Problems in Theory and Method: The New World, American Anthropologist, 1966.
0.24 Robert J. Quinlan Marsha B. Quinlan, Parenting and Cultures of Risk: A Comparative Analysis of Infidelity Aggression and Witchcraft, American Anthropologist, 2007.
0.23 Lawrence A. Hirschfeld James Howe Bruce Levin, Warfare Infanticide and Statistical Inference: A Comment on Divale and Harris, American Anthropologist, 1978.
0.23 Peter Kunstadter, A Survey of the Consanguine or Matrifocal Family, American Anthropologist, 1963.
0.23 Alice Schlegel, Dowry: Who Competes for What?, American Anthropologist, 1993.
0.23 Pierre L. van Den Berghe, Sex Differentiation and Infant Care: A Rejoinder to Sharlotte Neely Williams, American Anthropologist, 1972.
0.22 Marida Hollos, Migration Education and the Status of Women in Southern Nigeria, American Anthropologist, 1991.
0.22 Jerrold E. Levy, The Fate of Navajo Twins, American Anthropologist, 1964.
0.22 Susan Mosher Stuard, The Sociobiological Model and the Medieval Evidence, American Anthropologist, 1984.
0.22 Katherine A. Dettwyler, Styles of Infant Feeding: Parental/Caretaker Control of Food Consumption in Young Children, American Anthropologist, 1989.
0.22 William Divale Marvin Harris Donald T. Williams, On the Misuse of Statistics: A Reply to Hirschfeld et al, American Anthropologist, 1978.
0.21 E. A. Hammel, A Glimpse into the Demography of the Ainu, American Anthropologist, 1988.
0.21 Alice B. Kehoe, Lactation and Pregnancy, American Anthropologist, 1960.
0.21 Stanley M. Garn Timothy V. Sullivan Thomas R. Ten Have, Interpreting Blood Pressure and "Modernization" in Brazil, American Anthropologist, 1988.
0.21 Mariam K. Slater, Rejoinder to Dr Kehoe's "Lactation and Pregnancy", American Anthropologist, 1960.
0.21 Donna Lockwood Leonetti Laura Newell-Morris, Exogamy and Change in the Biosocial Structure of a Modern Urban Population, American Anthropologist, 1982.
0.21 Roger Sanjek, The Position of Women in the Major Departments of Anthropology 1967-76, American Anthropologist, 1978.
0.21 Rebecca Bliege Bird, Fishing and the Sexual Division of Labor among the Meriam, American Anthropologist, 2007.
0.21 Joseph Shepher, "The Myth of Male Superiority: Rise and Demise" - from Excellent Premises to Misplaced Conclusions, American Anthropologist, 1980.
0.21 John F. Martin, On the Estimation of the Sizes of Local Groups in a Hunting-Gathering Environment, American Anthropologist, 1973.
0.21 E. T. Brewster, Note on the Determination of Sex in Man, American Anthropologist, 1906.
0.21 Lawrence A. Hirschfeld, A Reply to Divale et al, American Anthropologist, 1979.
0.20 Jennifer Johnson-Hanks, On the Limits of Life Stages in Ethnography: Toward a Theory of Vital Conjunctures, American Anthropologist, 2002.
0.20 , Correction for Kurland Beckerman and Eastman, American Anthropologist, 1985.
0.20 Barry S. Hewlett L. L. Cavalli-Sforza, Cultural Transmission among Aka Pygmies, American Anthropologist, 1986.
0.20 Peter C. Lloyd, Divorce among the Yoruba, American Anthropologist, 1968.
0.20 Ashley Montagu, Comments on Opler's Reference to Malinowski, American Anthropologist, 1966.
0.20 Matteo Manfredini Marco Breschi, The Role of Remarriage in a Microevolutionary Process: Considerations from a 19th-Century Italian Community, American Anthropologist, 2006.
0.19 Mary S. McDonald Pavelka, Sociability in Old Female Japanese Monkeys: Human versus Nonhuman Primate Aging, American Anthropologist, 1991.
0.19 Ruth H. Munroe Robert L. Munroe Harold S. Shimmin, Children's Work in Four Cultures: Determinants and Consequences, American Anthropologist, 1984.
0.19 Peggy R. Sanday, Toward a Theory of the Status of Women, American Anthropologist, 1973.
0.19 Ashley Montagu, Reply to Lindburg and Hazell, American Anthropologist, 1973.
0.19 F. Allan Hanson, The Rapan Theory of Conception, American Anthropologist, 1970.
0.19 Hans Hoffmann, Formal versus Informal Estimates of Cultural Stability, American Anthropologist, 1965.
0.19 Stefan G. Perkowski, Comment on Ackerman's "Marital Instability and Juvenile Delinquency", American Anthropologist, 1972.
0.19 Tom Fricke William G. Axinn Arland Thornton, Marriage Social Inequality and Women's Contact with Their Natal Families in Alliance Societies: Two Tamang Examples, American Anthropologist, 1993.
0.19 Michael Burton Lorraine Kirk, Sex Differences in Maasai Cognition of Personality and Social Identity, American Anthropologist, 1979.
0.19 Ann Chowning, The Fertility of Melanesian Girls Laboratory Mice and Prostitutes: A Comment on the "Bruce Effect", American Anthropologist, 1969.
0.19 Alice Schlegel Herbert Barry III, The Cultural Consequences of Female Contribution to Subsistence, American Anthropologist, 1986.
0.19 Lee T. Gettler, Direct Male Care and Hominin Evolution: Why Male—Child Interaction Is More than a Nice Social Idea, American Anthropologist, 2010.
0.18 William Dressler Susan Haworth Hoeppner Barbara J. Pitts, Household Structure in a Southern Black Community, American Anthropologist, 1985.
0.18 Chet Lancaster Jane Beckman Lancaster, On the Male Supremacist Complex: A Reply to Divale and Harris, American Anthropologist, 1978.
0.18 Patricia L. Crown Suzanne K. Fish, Gender and Status in the Hohokam Pre-Classic to Classic Transition, American Anthropologist, 1996.
0.18 David A. Cleveland, Agricultural Intensification and Women's Work, American Anthropologist, 1985.
0.18 Judith K. Brown, A Note on the Division of Labor by Sex, American Anthropologist, 1970.
0.18 Gracia Clark, Mothering Work and Gender in Urban Asante Ideology and Practice, American Anthropologist, 1999.
0.18 Seymour Parker Hilda Parker, The Myth of Male Superiority: Rise and Demise, American Anthropologist, 1979.
0.17 Peggy Reeves Sanday, Margaret Mead's View of Sex Roles in Her Own and Other Societies, American Anthropologist, 1980.
0.17 Nicole J. Grant, From Margaret Mead's Field Notes: What Counted as "Sex" in Samoa?, American Anthropologist, 1995.
0.17 Susan Kent, Cause and Effect of Dental Health Diet and Status among Foragers, American Anthropologist, 1991.
0.17 Milton M. R. Freeman, A Social and Ecologic Analysis of Systematic Female Infanticide among the Netsilik Eskimo, American Anthropologist, 1971.
0.17 Mildred Dickemann, Dowry Disputes: A Reply to Schlegel, American Anthropologist, 1993.
0.17 Paul Alan Ballonoff, Theory of Lineage Organizations, American Anthropologist, 1983.
0.17 Dennis P. van Gerven Susan Guise Sheridan William Y. Adams, The Health and Nutrition of a Medieval Nubian Population: The Impact of Political and Economic Change, American Anthropologist, 1995.
0.17 D. G. Lindburg Lester Dessez Hazell, Licking of the Neonate and Duration of Labor in Great Apes and Man, American Anthropologist, 1972.
0.17 Bonnie McElhinny, "Kissing a Baby Is Not at All Good for Him": Infant Mortality Medicine and Colonial Modernity in the US-Occupied Philippines, American Anthropologist, 2005.
0.17 Mildred Dickemann, Medieval Muddles and Modern Models: A Reply to Stuard, American Anthropologist, 1984.
0.16 Marc Howard Ross, Female Political Participation: A Cross-Cultural Explanation, American Anthropologist, 1986.
0.16 Sharlotte Neely Williams, The Limitations of the Male/Female Activity Distinction among Primates: An Extension of Judith K Brown's "A Note on the Division of Labor by Sex", American Anthropologist, 1971.
0.16 James R. Gregory, The Myth of the Male Ethnographer and the Woman's World, American Anthropologist, 1984.
0.16 Michael L. Burton Douglas R. White, Sexual Division of Labor in Agriculture, American Anthropologist, 1984.
0.16 Roger Sanjek, Correction: The Position of Women in the Major Departments of Anthropology 1967-76, American Anthropologist, 1979.
0.16 Chet S. Lancaster, Cultivation Intensiveness Population and Women's Status, American Anthropologist, 1977.
0.16 Craig Packer, Infanticide Is No Fallacy, American Anthropologist, 2000.
0.16 Steven J. Gaulin James S. Boster, Testing Explanatory Models of Dowry: A Reply to Schlegel, American Anthropologist, 1993.
0.16 C. Ward Crampton, Pubescence-A Preliminary Report, American Anthropologist, 1904.
0.15 Linda Marie Fedigan, Science and the Successful Female: Why There Are So Many Women Primatologists, American Anthropologist, 1994.